Insulin resistance is a metabolic condition in which the body’s cells become less responsive to the hormone insulin. Insulin is produced by the pancreas and plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. It helps transport glucose from the bloodstream into cells, where it is used for energy production or stored for future use. In individuals with insulin resistance, the cells become less sensitive to the effects of insulin, making it difficult for glucose to enter the cells.
As a result of insulin resistance, the body produces more insulin to compensate for the decreased responsiveness. This can lead to higher-than-normal insulin levels in the bloodstream, a condition known as hyperinsulinemia. Over time, the pancreas may struggle to keep up with the increased demand for insulin, which can eventually lead to decreased insulin production and the development of type 2 diabetes.
Insulin resistance can manifest in various ways, and recognizing the signs early on can help prompt appropriate medical intervention. Here are some common signs and symptoms associated with insulin resistance:
1. Elevated Blood Sugar Levels: Insulin resistance impairs the ability of cells to effectively absorb and utilize glucose, resulting in higher blood sugar levels. If you consistently have higher-than-normal fasting blood sugar levels or experience post-meal spikes in blood sugar, it MAY be an indication of insulin resistance. You do not need to have abnormal blood sugar levels to have insulin resistance. I find this is often the case amongst my younger patients in their 20’s and 30’s.
2. Increased Abdominal Fat: Insulin resistance is often associated with weight gain, particularly in the abdominal area. If you notice a disproportionate accumulation of fat around your waistline, even if your overall weight is within a healthy range, it could be a sign of insulin resistance. Additionally, patients with insulin resistance often complain that it is hard for them to lose weight.
3. Intense Hunger and Cravings: Insulin resistance can disrupt the normal signaling mechanisms related to hunger and satiety. As a result, you may experience persistent feelings of hunger, even after eating a meal. Additionally, you might have strong cravings, especially for high-sugar or high-carbohydrate foods. This is because patients with insulin resistance will typically experience more blood sugar highs and lows.
4. Fatigue and Energy Lows: Insulin resistance can hinder glucose uptake by cells, leading to decreased energy production. This can result in feelings of fatigue, especially after meals or during periods of prolonged physical inactivity.
5. Skin Changes: Certain skin conditions are associated with insulin resistance. Acanthosis nigricans, characterized by darkened, thickened patches of skin (often on the neck, armpits, or groin), is commonly observed in individuals with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes.
6. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and/or symptoms of elevated testosterone: PCOS is a hormonal disorder that is strongly associated with insulin resistance. Approximately 80% of women who have PCOS will have elevated insulin levels. High insulin will often cause elevated levels of testosterone, and in particular it will increase a very potent form of testosterone called dihydrotestosterone (or DHT). DHT is estimated to be 5x stronger than regular testosterone. Women with PCOS may experience symptoms of high testosterone such as irregular menstrual periods, excessive hair growth on the face or body, hair loss on the scalp and acne. Women who experience symptoms of high testosterone without meeting the criteria for a PCOS diagnosis may also have insulin resistance.
It’s important to note that these signs and symptoms can vary among individuals, and experiencing one or more does not necessarily guarantee a diagnosis of insulin resistance. When I suspect insulin resistance in patients, I always recommend testing in order to confirm my suspicions and evaluate the severity of the insulin resistance.
Dr Ashley von Martels ND is a naturopath in Toronto focusing on Women’s Health. Her areas of interest include: PCOS, irregular periods, acne, interstitial cystitis, UTI’s, yeast infections, PMS, endometriosis, menopause, fertility, pregnancy and preconception (amongst others). She offers virtual consultations to patients across Ontario.
